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Riddle:
Three gods, A, B, and C, are called, in some order, True, False, and Random. True always speaks truly, False always speaks falsely, but whether Random speaks truly or falsely is completely random. You must determine the identities of A, B, and C by asking three yes-or-no questions, and each question must be posed to exactly one god. The gods understand English, but will answer all questions in their own language. In their unknown language, the words for "yes" and "no" are "da" and "ja", in some order. You do not know which word means which. So, which questions would you ask to identify each god? And no, it's not a trick question. As a matter of fact, there are multiple ways to get the correct answer.
Answer: 1. To god A: “Does ‘da’ mean ‘yes’ if and only if you are True and if and only if B is Random?” (We supposed A said, “ja,” making B True or False). 2. To god B: “Does “da” mean ‘yes’ if and only if Pluto is a dwarf planet?” (We supposed B said, “da,” making B True.). 3. And to god B (True) again: “Does ‘da’ mean ‘yes’ if and only if A is Random?” Since B’s True, he must say “da,” which means A is Random, leaving C to be False.
Riddle:
Your name is A and you are with 3 of your friends - B, C, D. It's nighttime and you come through a forest. You all have only one torch and only 2 of you can use it at a time. The time taken by each person to cross the forest is - A = 1 min; B = 2 min; C = 7 min; D = 10 min; What is the least time taken for you all to cross the forest?
Answer: AB = 2 min (go to the end); A = 1 min (comes back); CD = 10 min (go to the end); B = 2 min (comes back, you came back alone in step 2); AB = 2 min (go to the end); Total = 17 mins.
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